The Valley Railroad Company, which operates the “Essex Steam Train”, has been in existence in one form or another since 1868. It began as a forty-five mile line in the Connecticut River Valley completed in 1871. In 1892, it became part of the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad and survived into the 1960s, with the last train run in March 1968. The following year, the New Haven was incorporated into the Penn Central, who turned the line over to the State of Connecticut.
The State granted a lease to the current Valley Railroad Company in 1970. On 29th July 1971, the first train of the new Valley Railroad ran from Essex to Deep River.